Cabal ministry 357, 358
Cabot, John 238
Cadbury, John 461
Cadbury family 490
Cade, Jack 225
Cadwalla, British king 33, 36, 54
Caecilian, Bishop of Carthage 15
Caelestius 16–17
Caesar, Gaius Julius 4, 6
CAFOD 551, 592
Cajetan, Cardinal 274
Calais 134, 284
Caldecote, Thomas Inskip, 1st Viscount 522–3
Caledonian Scots 5–6, 9–10
Caligula, Emperor 7
Callaghan, James 553
Calvin, John 142, 271, 299
Calvinism 314, 320, 336, 398, 400
Cambridge Christian Union (CICCU) 508, 520
‘Cambridge Seven’ (missionaries) 435, 485
Cambridge University 154–5, 173, 180, 228
Campbell-Bannerman, Henry 498, 500, 504
Campeggio, papal legate 246
Campion, Edmund, SJ 311
Camus, Albert 545
canal age 411
Canning, George 425
canons/ canon law 57, 245
Canterbury
Augustine founds Benedictine community in 30
Cathedral 148
centre of Christian learning (7thC) 49
Christ Church library 72, 95
rivalry with York 146
shrine of St Thomas Becket 113–14, 255, 266
Canterbury, Archbishops
see Abbott, George; Aethelnoth; Alphege; Anselm; Augustine; Bancroft, Richard; Benson, Edward White; Berhtwald; Bourchier, Thomas; Carey, George; Coggan, Donald; Cranmer, Thomas; Davidson, Randall; Deane, Henry; Deusdedit; Dunstan; Edmund of Abingdon; Fisher, Geoffrey; Howley, William; Kemp, John; Kilwardby, Robert; Lanfranc; Lang, Cosmo; Langton, Stephen; Laud, William; Laurentius; Longley, Charles; Morton, John; Parker, Matthew; Pecham, John; Ramsey, Michael; Runcie, Robert; Sancroft, William; Stigand; Sumner, John Bird; Tait, Archibald; Temple, Frederick; Temple, William; Tenison, Thomas; Theobald; Theodore of Tarsus; Wake, William; Warham, William; Welby, Justin; Whitgift, John; Williams, Rowan
Cantiaci (Belgian tribe) 5
Cappadocian Fathers 160, 328
Caratacus (Catuvellauni chieftan) 7, 8
Carausius (Roman usurper) 13
CARE (Christian Action Research and Education) 573
Carey, George, Archbishop of Canterbury 556, 561, 563, 567
Carey, Robert 318
Carey, William 422
Carlile, Wilson 471
Carlisle 146
Carlyle, Thomas 220, 470
Carmelites 199
Caroline of Ansbach 388, 390
Caroline of Brunswick 425
Carolingian dynasty 85, 158
Carpentiers, Adrien 375
Carranza, Bartolomé de 287, 288
Carson, Edward 505
Cartwright, Thomas 301, 311
Cassian (monk and theologian) 17, 34, 96, 98, 138
Cassiodorus (scholar) 48, 580
Cassivellanus,(Catuvallauni chieftan) 4–5
Castlereagh, Lord 415, 423, 425
Catesby, Robert 323
Cathars (Albigensians) 114, 118, 125, 143
cathedral choirs 585
cathedrals 146–7, 148, 583–5
Catherine of Aragon 237, 242–7, 252, 281–2
Catherine of Braganza 357
Catherine of Siena 190
Catherine of Valois 222, 223, 226, 236
Catholic Association, Ireland 427
Catholic hierarchy, re-establishment of 457
Catholic Relief Act (1829) 427–8, 439, 442, 452, 456
see also Roman Catholics
Catholic Renewal Movement 554
Catuvellauni (tribe) 4, 5, 7
Caughey, James 459
Cavell, Edith 515
Cecil, William
see Burghley, William Cecil, 1st Baron
Cedd (monk) 33, 37, 39, 51
Celestine, Pope 17, 18
celibacy 101, 152
Celofrith, Prior of Jarrow 47
Celtic Christianity 20, 21, 53
Celtic tribes 6
Cenotaph Service 519–20
census
(1851) 455, 459
(1891) 477
Cenwealh, Saxon king 69
Cenwine, Saxon king 69
Ceolfrid, Abbot of Jarrow 48–9
Cerdic, king of Wessex 89, 92
Cerne, Dorset 50
Cerne Abbas 72
Chad, Bishop of Lichfield 37, 41, 42, 53
Chadwick Edwin 431, 447
Chalke, Steve 573
Challoner, Richard 402
Chamberlain, Joseph 497, 498
Chamberlain, Neville 529, 531
chantries 272
Chapel (Non-conformist) 489
Chapel Royal 239, 404
Chardin, Teilhard de 546
Charismatic Movement 550, 554, 556, 561, 586, 588
charity schools 387
Charlemagne 55, 57, 58–9, 60, 85, 115, 158
Charles, Prince 537
Charles Edward Stuart (‘Young Pretender’; Bonnie Prince Charlie) 388–9
Charles I, King of England
marriage to Henrietta Maria 324, 325, 334–5
relations with Parliament 333–7
surrenders to the Scots 339
trial and execution 339–41
Charles II, King of England
Scottish support for 339
at the Restoration 349, 351
“merry king” 357
Declaraion of Indulgence (1672) 358
conversion to Catholicism 369
Charles Martel 58
Charles the Bold 227
Charles the Simple 67, 85
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 240, 241, 242, 246, 263, 282, 283, 285
Charles VI, King of France 222
Charlotte, Princess of Wales 435
Chartist Movement 454
Chartres, Richard, Bishop of London 563
Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Earl of 405, 428
Chaucer, Geoffrey, The Canterbury Tales 140, 150, 174, 188, 195, 197–8, 581
Chavasse, Christopher, Bishop of Rochester 520, 540
Chavasse, Francis, Bishop of Liverpool 520
Chavasse, Noel 520
Chemin Neuf (Benedictine Order) 576
Cheshire, Leonard 532
Chesterton, G. K. 512
Chichele, Henry 227
child employment 431
child mortality, 19th century 492
China, missionaries to 435, 484–5
China Inland Mission (CIM) 484, 485
Chinese Evangelization Society 484
Chi-Rho symbol 12, 14, 15, 26
cholera 438, 463
Christ Church, Oxford 240, 247, 255, 290, 393, 446
Christendom 565, 577–8
Christian Aid 551
Christian kingship 73
Christian publishing, 17th century 348
Christian Socialism 470, 509, 527
Christians, in pre-Roman times 3, 14
Christmas Court (1085) 91
Christmas riots (1647) 344
Christ’s College, Cambridge 236
Christ’s Hospital 280
Chrysostom, John, Bishop of Antioch 114–15, 129–30, 165, 192, 274
Church Army 471
Church Association 506
church attendance
19th century 455–6, 458, 490
decline 506, 542
church building, 19th century 432, 490
Church Commissioners 432–3, 440, 451, 540
Church Fathers 129–30, 158, 160, 161, 165, 176–7, 217, 446
Church Mission Society (CMS) 422, 434, 483, 485
church music 403–4, 585–6
Church of England
establishment of tradition under Elizabeth I 314–17
restored under Charles II 353
settlement after the Restoration 382–5
and Evangelical Revival 391, 398–9
and the Industrial Revolution 412–13
19th century reform 432–3, 438–43, 445–6
in mid-Victorian England 468–71
rural clergy 486–8
before the First World War 505–8
between the wars 519–28
and social justice 551
decline in numbers 555
Church of South India 542
Church Pastoral Aid Society (CPAS) 468, 474, 562
church rate 440–1
Church Temporalities Act of Ireland (1833) 445
Churchill, Winston 481, 497, 498–9, 504, 514, 519, 521, 523, 529, 531, 532, 537
“churching” of women 150
church-scot 71, 83, 84
see also tithes
Chute, Desmond 515
Cicero 5
Cistercians 104–5, 140, 141–2, 144
Cîteaux Abbey, France 141
civil rights movement 543
civil war (17th century) 337–9
civil war (1140s) 105, 106
Civitate, Battle of (1053) 85
Clapham Sect 399, 418–19, 482
Clarendon, Council of (1164) 110–11, 112
Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of 353, 357
Clarendon Code 353–4, 355, 356, 358, 382
Clarke, Mary 464
Clarkson, John 422
Clarkson, Thomas 420, 421
Claudius, Emperor 3, 7, 8
Clayton, Tubby 516
Clement V, Pope 118
Clement VII, Pope 246, 252, 258
clergy, parish
medieval 149–53
Victorian 486–8
clerical dress 278, 298, 299, 301
Clerk Maxwell, James 472
Clerke, Richard 185
Clermont, Council of (1095) 116
Clifford, Sir Thomas 358
Clodius Albinus (Roman usurper) 12
Cloud of Unknowing, The 199, 206
Clovesho, Council of (746/7) 52, 57
Clowes, William 459
Cluny Abbey, France 140–1
Cnut, king of the Danes and the English 75–7
Cobbett, William 424, 429
Cobden, Richard 452
Codex Amiatinus 48–9, 72, 145, 580
Codex Aureus 72, 145
Codex Aureus Echternach 182
Codex Grandior 48
Coggan, Donald, Archbishop of Canterbury 557
coinage/ currency 83
Colchester (Camulodunum) 8
Cold War 535, 543
Cole, Henry 454
Coleman, John 359
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 413
Colet, John 257, 260
Collingwood, Captain Luke 417, 420, 518
Collins, John 541, 550, 562
Collins, Michael 505
Colman, Bishop of Lindisfarne 39, 41, 53
Colman, Sir Michael 567
Colman family 490
Cologne, Germany 261
Colonial Office 481
Columba of Iona 19, 35–6, 584
Columbanus 19, 35, 138
Combination Acts, repealed (1824) 435
Commius, Gaulish king 4
“common doles” 185
Commonwealth 343–9
communism 530
Compton, Henry, Bishop of London 371, 374, 383, 385
Compton, Ursula Keppel 524
Con, George 335
Conference on Christian Politics, Economics and Citizenship (COPEC; 1924) 521, 522
Confessing Lutheran Church 530
confession 187
Congregationalists 347, 460
Congress of Berlin (1878) 480
Congress of Vienna (1814) 423
Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor 76
Conroy, John 437, 451
Consensus of Tigurinus 271
Constantine I, Emperor 13–15, 593
Constantine V, Byzantine Emperor 58
Constantinople 58, 118
Constantius Chlorus, Emperor 13, 14
Constantius III, Emperor 20
consubstantiation 216, 273
Contagious Diseases Act, repeal of (1886) 492
Conventicle Act (1664) 354, 355, 362
convents 173
Conwy castle 127
Cooke, Sir Anthony 300
Cooperative movement 509
Cope, Sir Anthony 303
Copernicus 330, 365
Coram, Thomas 387–8
Corn Laws, repeal of 452, 453
Cornovii (tribe) 21
Cornwall
non-conformism in 489
Prayer Book Rebellion (1549) 275, 277
Romano-Celtic Church in 31
Cornwallis, Charles, 1st Marquess (Lord Cornwallis) 408
coronations
Edgar (973) 68, 72–3
Edward the Confessor (1043) 78
Edward VI (1547) 270
Edward VII (1902) 586
Elizabeth II (1953) 538
George II (1727) 388
Harold Godwinson (1066) 87
William and Mary (1689) 372
William of Normandy (1066) 89
Corporation Act (1661) 354
Corpus Christi College, Oxford 237
Corresponding Societies 429
Corrie, Daniel 435
Cotton, Sir Henry 49
Counter-Reformation 288
Countess of Huntingdon’s Connexion 399
Courtauld family 441, 490
Courtenay, William 220
courts, separation of lay and church 95, 109
Covenanters 336
Coventry Cathedral 517, 539
Coverdale, Miles 262, 263, 266, 275, 280, 581
Covid-19 577–8
Cowper, William 403–4, 582
Cox, Jo 574
Cranach the Elder 248
Cranach the Younger 248
Cranmer, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury
supports Henry VIII’s divorce 244–5, 247, 252
and Anne Boleyn 254
and Thomas More 259
rise and influence under Henry VIII 264–5, 267–8
Litany 268, 274, 296
preaches at Edward VI’s coronation 270
invites Bucer to England 271
liturgical reforms 273–9, 581
Book of Common Prayer 50, 274–9, 584–5
and Edward VI 280
imprisoned by Mary 286–7
burning of 289–90
Crassus 4
Cray, Graham 551
Crécy, Battle of (1346) 134
Crick, Francis 538
Crimean War 464–5
Cripps, Sir Stafford 536
Crockford’s 560
Cromwell, Oliver 338, 339, 340, 341–3, 343–5
Cromwell, Richard 349
Cromwell, Thomas 240, 247, 249–51, 252, 253, 255, 259, 265–8, 282
Crowland author 226, 228
Crowther, Samuel Ajayi, Bishop of West Africa 484
Cruikshank, George 415
Crusades 114–18, 127
Crystal Palace 454–5
Cuddesdon Theological College 560
Culloden, Battle of (1746) 389
Culpepper, Thomas 267
Cumberland, Prince William Augustus, Duke of (‘Butcher’ Cumberland) 388–9
Cupitt, Don 549, 555
Curzon, George, 1st Marquess 497
Cuthbert 44–6
Cuthburga 50
Cynegils, Saxon king 37
Cyprus 480
Cyrenians 551
Cyril and Methodius 58